Mark graduated in 1989 from the University of Bristol with a BSc (Hons) in Cell & Molecular Pathology and went on to gain a PhD from University of Cambridge in 1992 for his work on the immune responses to human papillomavirus type 16 in a mouse model. Then followed two post-doctoral positions at Imperial College London, working on viral and bacterial adhesins in recombinant hepatitis B core antigen particles and the rational attenuation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and expression of cytokine genes in recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG. In 1996 he moved to the government Veterinary Laboratories Agency (now Animal and Plant Health Agency, APHA) to undertake work on vaccines, pathology, small animal models, and diagnostics for animal tuberculosis. He has led a number of Defra projects in this area ever since, most notably resulting in 2010 with the licensing of BadgerBCG - the first licensed vaccine against TB in any animal species. Mark has published extensively in the area of human and animal tuberculosis and related disciplines. He is a former acting TB Science Lead and Head of the Bacteriology Department at APHA. In October 2013 he was appointed Professor of Veterinary Bacteriology at the University of Surrey where he has a growing research group with focus on the replacement of animals in research and innovative approaches to disease intervention, with specific focus on reducing antimicrobial use and resistance.