My expertise is in the field of emerging / re-emerging RNA viruses. I have extensive experience of strain surveillance of equine influenza viruses. An outcome of my PhD studies was the establishment of a formal vaccine strain selection system for equine influenza vaccines similar to that for human influenza. I have worked closely with veterinary vaccine manufacturers in the conduct of clinical trials and development of assays to assess cellular immune responses in the horse. In collaboration with mathematical modellers, I have been involved in the development of models to predict the likelihood of vaccine breakdown and occurrence of outbreaks in equine populations. In the field of human influenza, I studied the genetic and immunological safety of influenza DNA vaccines when they were a relatively new development. I gained expertise in Flaviviridae while at the University of Liverpool. I am currently involved in development of DNA vaccines and plant expression of proteins and virus-like particles for vaccine development. I enjoy collaborations with colleagues in several countries, including Brazil, India, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa.