Hamza  Ali  Babiker

 

Address: 87 Comsiton Rd, Edinburgh, EH10 6AG, UK

Current address: Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine & Health Sciences,

PO Box 35, Postal code 123, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman.

 

Qualifications: B.Pharm, M.Sc. (Biochemistry), PhD  (Genetics)                      

 

Present posts:-

Professor, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos, University, Oman
Senior Honorary Research Fellow, Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, UK

 

Awards:

  Best Researcher Award, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, May 2009. 
VIP Award, Wellcome Trust/ Edinburgh University, October 2003 for 12 months to bridge research funds and retain senior researchers.
  Research Development Award in Tropical Medicine. Wellcome Trust, October 1993.
  British Council Training Award for PhD studies in UK, March 1989.

 

 

Scholarly achievements.

 

Research interests:-

My research interest is in the field of molecular and population genetics of infectious diseases.  I have applied my expertise and knowledge to analysis of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This includes work on genetic polymorphism within populations of the parasite and its population genetic structure.  This is especially in relation to evolution of drug resistance, and how environmental and parasite genetic factors influence the transmission of resistant parasites.  I have recently initiated parallel work on population genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Theileria sp.

 

 

Research grants

Principal investigator. Sexual stage specific protein genes of Theileria lestoquardi: putative target for transmission blocking intervention and marker for transmission dynamics. Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) Research Program 2017 to 2020   US150000
Principal investigator. Use of radionuclide-based molecular methods for detection of drug resistant malaria in Oman   Technical Cooperation programme,  International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria      Oct 2016 to Oct 2017 US200:000
Faculty Mentored Undergraduate Research Award Program ( FURAP ). Evaluation of malaria Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for malaria diagnosis in asymptomatic carriers in Oman.The Research Council, Oman        Sep 2014 to June 2015            RO 2400
Co-principal Investigator. PI: Yasmin El Tahir. A Novel molecular approach to investigating Brucellosis      His Majesty’s grant, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. May 2014-June 2017        
Principal investigator. Use of radionuclide-based molecular methods for detection of imported malaria in Oman. Technical Cooperation programme,  International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria      Oct 2014 to Oct 2016   US300:000
Principal investigator. Theileria in Oman: molecular epidemiology and disease.           The Research Council, OmanSep 2013 to Sep 2016       RO 193,200
Faculty Mentored Undergraduate Research Award Program ( FURAP ).Transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Oman. The Research Council, Oman    Sep 2013         RO 2400
Co-principal Investigator. Transmission dynamics and spread of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Oman. Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.            Dec 2012 to Dec 2014            OR 16.000
Principal investigator. Radionuclide based methods for monitoring imported malaria into Oman.
Technical Cooperation programme, International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria. Jan 2012 to Dec. 2013      US500:000
Co- investigator    Evolution of parasite reproductive strategy in the wild         Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), UK. Sep 2011 to May 2012 £60,000
Co-investigator. Population genetics of malaria parasites in relation to geographical, transmission intensities. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), Sweden Jan 2010 to June 2013          SK1500,000
Co-investigator.    Characterization, Evaluation and Conservation of Indigenous Animal Genetic Resources in the Sultanate of Oman. Sultan Qaboos University, Oman .May 2008 to May 2011          OR 79,000
1Principal investigator. The brunt of mutations conferring drug resistance on the fitness of  malaria parasites. Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. 2008 to Dec. 2011 OR 18,500
Co- investigator. Genetic polymorphisms of nutrient and inflammatory Genes in diffused large B cell lymphoma in Omani Arabs.         Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. June 2008 to June 2009   OR 1,800
Principal investigator. Molecular surveillance and genetic studies of endogenous and imported malaria in Oman.  Sultan Qaboos University, project grant. 2005 to Dec 2008       OR 24,500
Co-investigator     Evolution of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasite in eastern Sudan.      Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) Nov 2006 to Nov 2007.         SK70,000
Principal investigator. (this project has been approved but not awarded)           Impact of environmental and parasite genetic factors on of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis.BiamalPar & MIM/TDR Re-integration grant Aug 2007 to Oct 2009         EURO 370.000
Principal investigator. Dynamics of gametocyte production of Plasmodium falciparum in nature. Medical Research Council, UK. Jan 2001 to 2004             £400,000
Principal investigator. Population genetics of Plasmodium falciparum in a village in Sudan. Wellcome Trust          Oct 1993 for 3 years   £37,000
Supervisor. Impact of anti-malarial drugs on transmission of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)  February 2002- March 2003           $ 20,000
Principal investigator        Development of allele specific probes for detection of drug resistance genes in Plasmodium falciparum. International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria June 2000-June 2001  $3000
Principal investigator. Gametocyte production by Plasmodium falciparum clones. Wellcome Trust, UK .Oct 1998 for 18 months.  £68,282. 
Co-investigator.    Strengthening research capacity for malaria in Sudan. WHO/MIM, Swaziland. July 1998.         $10,000
Supervisor .Spatial structure of Plasmodium falciparum in villages in eastern Sudan. WHO/TDR.  March 1999 to March 2000          $18,000
Supervisor. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte persistence and dynamics in an area of unstable malaria in eastern Sudan. WHO/TDR. March 1998 to March 1999 $18,000
Co-investigator. The effect of P. falciparum strain variation on clinical presentation and immune status of malaria patients.    WHO1990-1992         $120,000

 

Publications

 

(2017)

Bansal D, Acharya A, Bharti PK, Abdelraheem MH, Elmalik A, Abosalah S, Khan FY, ElKhalifa M, Kaur H, Mohapatra PK, Sehgal R, Idris MA, Mahanta J, Singh N, Babiker HA, Sultan AA (2017). Distribution of Mutations Associated with Antifolate and Chloroquine Resistance among Imported Plasmodium vivax in the State of Qatar.Am J Trop Med Hyg. 97(6):1797-1803.

 

Al-Fahdi A, Alqamashoui B, Al-Hamidhi S, Kose O, Tageldin MH, Bobade P, Johnson EH, Hussain AR, Karagenc T, Tait A, Shiels B, Bilgic HB, Babiker H (2017). Molecular surveillance of Theileria parasites of livestock in Oman.Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 8(5):741-748.

(2016)

Gadalla AA, Schneider P, Churcher TS, Nassir E, Abdel-Muhsin AA, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Reece SE, Babiker HA (2016) Associations between Season and Gametocyte Dynamics in Chronic Plasmodium falciparum Infections. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 21;11(11):e0166699.

 

Al-Hamidhi S, Weir W, Kinnaird J, Tageledin M, Beja-Pereira A, Morrison I, Thompson J, Tait A, Shiels B, Babiker HA. Theileria lestoquardi displays reduced genetic diversity relative to sympatric Theileria annulata in Oman. Infect Genet Evol. 2016 Sep;43:297-306

                                                  (2015)

Al-Hamidhi S, H Tageldin M, Weir W, Al-Fahdi A, Johnson EH, Bobade P, Alqamashoui B, Beja-Pereira A, Thompson J, Kinnaird J, Shiels B, Tait A, Babiker H. (2015) Genetic diversity and population structure of Theileria annulata in Oman. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 15;10(10):e0139581

 

Bakhiet AM, Abdel-Muhsin AM, Elzaki SE, Al-Hashami Z, Albarwani HS, AlQamashoui BA, Al-Hamidhi S, Idris MA, Elagib AA, Beja-Pereira A, Babiker HA (2015).The effect of a decade of artemisinin-based combination therapy and intense control measures on Plasmodium falciparum population genetic structure in Sudan. Acta Tropica, 148:97-104

 

Schneider P, Reece SE, van Schaijk BC, Meaden CS, Ranford-Cartwright L, Gadalla A and Babiker HA (2015) Quantification of male and female Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by real-time PCR. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 199(1-2), 29-33

                                                   (2014)

Lazaridis I, Patterson N, Mittnik A, Renaud G, Mallick S, Kirsanow K, Sudmant PH, Schraiber JG, Castellano S, Lipson M, Berger B, Economou C, Bollongino R, Fu Q, Bos KI, Nordenfelt S, Li H, de Filippo C, Prüfer K, Sawyer S, Posth C, Haak W, Hallgren F, Fornander E, Rohland N, Delsate D, Francken M, Guinet JM, Wahl J, Ayodo G, Babiker HA, Bailliet G, Balanovska E, Balanovsky O, Barrantes R, Bedoya G, Ben-Ami H, Bene J, Berrada F, Bravi CM, Brisighelli F, Busby GB, Cali F, Churnosov M, Cole DE, Corach D, Damba L, van Driem G, Dryomov S, Dugoujon JM, Fedorova SA, Gallego Romero I, Gubina M, Hammer M, Henn BM, Hervig T, Hodoglugil U, Jha AR, Karachanak-Yankova S, Khusainova R, Khusnutdinova E, Kittles R, Kivisild T, Klitz W, Kučinskas V, Kushniarevich A, Laredj L, Litvinov S, Loukidis T, Mahley RW, Melegh B, Metspalu E, Molina J, Mountain J, Näkkäläjärvi K, Nesheva D, Nyambo T, Osipova L, Parik J, Platonov F, Posukh O, Romano V, Rothhammer F, Rudan I, Ruizbakiev R, Sahakyan H, Sajantila A, Salas A, Starikovskaya EB, Tarekegn A, Toncheva D, Turdikulova S, Uktveryte I, Utevska O, Vasquez R, Villena M, Voevoda M, Winkler CA, Yepiskoposyan L, Zalloua P, Zemunik T, Cooper A, Capelli C, Thomas MG, Ruiz-Linares A, Tishkoff SA, Singh L, Thangaraj K, Villems R, Comas D, Sukernik R, Metspalu M, Meyer M, Eichler EE, Burger J, Slatkin M, Pääbo S, Kelso J, Reich D, Krause J (2014). Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. Nature, 513, 409-413

 

Al-Hamidhi S, Mahdy MA, Idris MA, Bin Dajem SM, Al-Sheikh AA, Al-Qahtani A, Al-Hashami Z, Al-Farsi H, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Saif-Ali R, Beja-Pereira A, Babiker HA* (2014). The prospect of malaria elimination in the Arabian Peninsula: A population genetic approach. Infect Genet Evol. 27C:25-31

 

Tamimi Y, Al-Harthy S, Al-Haddabi I, Al-Kindi M, Babiker H, Al-Moundhri M, Burney I (2014). The p53 Mutation/Deletion Profile in a Small Cohort of the Omani Population with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 14(1):e50-8.

                                                       (2013)

Al-Hamidhi S, Mahdy MA, Al-Hashami Z, Al-Farsi H, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Idris MA, Beja-Pereira A, Babiker HA* (2013).Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and distribution of drug resistance haplotypes in Yemen. Malar J. 2013, 15;12(1):244
Babiker HA*, Gadalla AA, Ranford-Cartwright L (2013). The role of asymptomatic P. falciparum parasitaemia in the evolution of antimalarial drug resistance in areas of seasonal transmission. Drug Resist Updat;16(1-2):1-9
Al-Kharusi N, Babiker HA, Al-Salam S, Waly MI, Nemmar A, Al-Lawati I, Yasin J, Beegam S, Ali BH (2013) Ellagic acid protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: a dose-dependent study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 17(3):299-310.

 

Mahgoub O, Babiker HA, Kadim IT, Al-Kindi M, Hassan S, Al-Marzooqi W, Eltahir YE, Al-Abri MA, Al-Khayat A, Al-Sinani KR, Hilal Al-Khanjari H, Costa V, Chen S, Beja-Pereira A (2013). Disclosing the origin and diversity of Omani cattle. Animal Genetics. 44(3):336-9.

 

                                               (2012)

Al-Farsi HM, Al-Hasham ZS, Bin Dajem SM, Al-Sheikh AH, Al-Qahtani A ,  Beja-Pereira A, Idris MA, Babiker HA* (2012) Source of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum in a potential malaria elimination site in Saudi Arabia. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 12, 1253–1259.

 

Bin Dajem S.M, Al-Farsi H.M, Al-Hashami Z.S, Al-Sheikh A.A,  Al-Qahtani A, Babiker H.A* (2012). Distribution of drug resistance genotypes in Plasmodium falciparum in an area of limited parasite diversity in Saudi Arabia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 86(5), 782–788

 

                                                    (2011)

Sutherland C., Babiker, H.A.,  Mackinnon, M.J. Ranford-Cartwright, L.,  El Sayed, B. (2011) Rational deployment of antimalarial drugs in Africa: should first-line combination drugs be reserved for paediatric malaria cases? Parasitology 138(12):1459-68

 

Babiker H.A* (2011) The role of crossing and recombination in dissemination of drug resistance in Plamodium falciparum: filed observation. Revista CENIC. Lencias Biologicas, Vol 41, INF001 (ISSN:0253-5688)

 

                                                    (2010)

Reece S, Ali E, Schneider P and Babiker HA (2010). Stress, drugs and evolution of reproductive restraint in malaria parasites. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 22;277(1697):3123-9.

 

Kheir A., Nwakanma, D., Akbarov, Y., Al-Saai, S., Al-Gazali, A., Swedberg, G., Babiker HA* (2010). Transmission and cross-mating of high-level resistance Plasmodium falciparum dhfr haplotypes in the Gambia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 82, 535-541.                      

    

Burney IA, Al Sawai BS, Dawood AA, Babiker H, Al Moundhri MS. (2009) Association of polymorphisms in cytokine genes with Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma and its outcomes in Omani Arabs. Eur J Cancer 7: 566, (abs9222)

 

Babiker HA* (2009) Seasonal fluctuation of drug resistant malaria parasites: a sign of fitness cost. Trends Parasitol, 25(8), 351-352.

 

Babiker HA*., Hastings IM, Svedberg G (2009) Impaired fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites: evidence and implication on drug deployment policies. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 7(5), 581-593.

 

Al-Saai, S., Kheir, A., Abdel-Muhsin A, Al-Ghazali, A., Nwakanma, D., Swedberg, G.,  Babiker H.A* (2009) Distinct haplotypes of dhfr and dhps among Plasmodium falciparum isolates in an area of high level of  sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in eastern Sudan. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 9, 778–783.

                                                         (2008)

Babiker, H.A*., Schneider, P., Reece S.E. (2008) Gametocytes: Insights gained during a decade of molecular monitoring. Trends Parasitol,  24(11), 525-530.

 

Babiker H.A*. and Schneider P (2008) Application of reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for monitoring transmission stages of mlaria parasites. IOP Biochemical Material. 3, 034007(12pp).

 

Nwakanma, D., Kheir,  A., Sowa, M., Dunyo, S., Jawara,  M., Pinder,  M., Milligan, P., Walliker, D., Babiker H.A* (2008) High gametocyte complexity and mosquito infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia. Int J Parasitol 38, 219-227.

                                                             (2007)

El-Sayed B., El-Zaki S., Babiker H.A, Gadalla N, Ageep T, Mansour F, Baraka O, Milligan P, Babiker A (2007) A Randomized Open-Label Trial of Artesunate-Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine with or without Primaquine for Elimination of Sub-   Microscopic P. falciparum Parasitaemia and Gametocyte Carriage in Eastern Sudan.   PLoS Clin Trials 12: e1311.

 

Tanabe K, Sakihama N, Walliker D, Babiker H.A, Abdel-Muhsin AM, Bakote'e B, Ohmae H, Arisue N, Horii T, Rooth I, Farnert A, Bjorkman A, Ranford-Cartwright L. (2007) Allelic dimorphism-associated restriction of recombination in Plasmodium falciparum msp1. Gene. 397, 153-60

 

A-Elbasit E.E, ElGhazali, G., A-Elgadir, T.M.E., Hamad, A., Babiker H.A., El-Bashir M.I., Giha, H.A. (2007) Allelic polymorphism of MSP2 gene in severe P. falciparum malaria in an area of low and seasonal transmission. Parasitol. Res. 102(1):29-34.

 

                                                         (2006)

Ali, E., Mackinnon, M., Abdel-Muhsin A, Ahmed, S., Walliker, D., Babiker, H.A.* (2006)  Increased density but not prevalence of gametocytes following drug treatment of Plasmodium falciparum. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 100, 176-183.

 

 Wargo, A.R, Randle, N., Chan, B., Thompson, J.,  Read, A.F., Babiker. H.A. (2006) Plasmodium chabaudi: reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for the detection and quantification of transmission stage malaria parasites. Exp Parasitol. 112, 13-20.

 

  Giha, H., Elbashir, M.I, A-Elbasit,  I.E, A-Elgadir, T.M, ElGhazali, G., Mackinnon, M.J., Babiker, H.A (2006) Drug resistance-virulence relationship in Plasmodium falciparum causing severe malaria in an area of seasonal and unstable transmission. Acta Tropica. 97, 181-7.

 

Paganotti,  G.M, Palladino,  C.,  Modiano, D., Sirima, B.S,  Råberg, L.,  Diarra, A., Konaté, A., Coluzzi, M., Walliker D. and Babiker H.A* (2006) Genetic complexity and gametocyte production of Plasmodium falciparum in Fulani and Mossi communities in Burkina Faso. Parasitology 132, 607-14.

                                                       

                                                         (2005)

Ferguson, H.M, Gouagna L.C., Obare, P., Read, A.F., Babiker, H.A., Githure, J., Beier, J.C.  (2005) The presence of Plasmodium falciparum in human blood increases the gravidity of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73, 312-320.

 

Nassir E, Abdel-Muhsin AM, Suliaman S, Kenyon F, Kheir A, Geha H, Ferguson HM, Walliker D, Babiker H.A* (2005) Impact of genetic complexity on longevity and gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum during the dry and transmission-free season of eastern Sudan. Int J Parasitol. 35,  49-55.

 

Walliker, D., Hunt, P., Babiker H.A* (2005) Fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites. Acta Tropica 94, 251-259.

                                                   

Babiker, H.A.*, Satti, G.,  Ferguson, H.M.,  Bayoumi, R., Walliker, D. (2005) Drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum in an area of seasonal transmission. Acta Tropica 94, 260-268.

 

 Babiker H.A*. and Mackinnon M (2005) Drug resistance in malaria: its population biology and implications for control. Acta Tropica, 94, 161-162.

 

                                                             (2004)

Adam, M.E., A/Karim, E.I., Elkadaru, A.Y., Ibrahim, K.E.E., Berger, B.J., Wise, M., Babiker, H.A.* (2004) Imipramine induced complete reversal of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falcipareum infections in Sudan. Saud Pharmaceut J. 12, 130-35.

    

Abdel-Muhsin A. A, Mackinnon, M., Ali, E., Nassir, E. Suleiman, S.,  Ahmed, S., Walliker, D. & Babiker, H.A.* (2004) Evolution of drug resistance genes in Plasmodium falciparum in an area of seasonal transmission in eastern Sudan: implication for control. J Infect Dis. 189, 1239-1244.

 

Paganotti G., Babiker H.A, Modiano D., Sirima BS, Verra F, Konate A, Ouédraogo AL, Amidou Diarra A, Mackinnon MJ, Coluzzi M, and Walliker D (2004) Genetic Complexity of Plasmodium falciparum in two ethnic groups of Burkina Faso (West Africa) with marked differences in susceptibility to malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71, 173-178.

 

                                                             (2003)

Abdel-Muhsin A., Mackinnon, M.,  Awadalla, P., Ali, E., Suleiman, S.,  Ahmed, S., Walliker, D., Babiker, H.A.*  (2003) Local differentiation in Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance genes in Sudan.  Parasitology 126, 391-400.

 

                                                             (2002)

Magesa SM, Mdira KY, Babiker HA, Alifrangis M, Farnert A, Simonsen PE, Bygbjerg IC, Walliker D, Jakobsen PH (2002) Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum clones infecting children living in a holoendemic area in north-eastern Tanzania. Acta Tropica, 84, 83-92

 

Hamad A, Nugud AD, Arnot D, Abdel-Muhsin AA, Giha H, Satti G, Theander T, Creasey A, Babiker H.A, Elnaiem D (2002) Marked seasonality  of malaria transmission in two rural sites in  eastern Sudan. Acta Tropica 83, 71-82.

 

Adbel-Muhsin, A.A., Ranford-Cartwright, L.C., Khan, B., Medane, A., Salah Ahmed Suad Suleiman; Paul Hunt; Walliker, D. & Babiker, H.A.* (2002) Detection of mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) by dot-blot hybridisation. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 67, 24-27.

 

Ranford-Cartwright, L.C,  Johnston, K,  Abdel-Muhsin, A.,  Khan, B, & Babiker H.A (2002) Critical comparison of molecular genotyping methods for detection of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg . 96, 568-72.

 

Abdel-Wahab A, Abdel-Muhsin A, Ali E, Suleiman S, Ahmed S, Walliker D. &  Babiker H.A* (2002) Dynamics of gametocytes among Plasmodium falciparum clones in natural infections in an area of highly seasonal transmission. J Infect Dis.185, 1838-42.

 

Rowe A.J,  Kyes S.A., Rogerson S.J., Babiker H.A and Ahmed Raza (2002) Identification of a conserved Plasmodium falciparum var gene implicated in malaria in pregnancy.  J  Infect Dis.185, 1207-1211.

 

Babiker H.A* & Walliker, D (2002) Is Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance a multi-locus phenotype? J Infect Dis. 185, 406-7.

 

                                                             (2001)

Elkheir, H., Elkarim, E.I, Eltayeb, I.B., Elkadaru, A.E., Babiker, H.A. and Ibrahim, A.M. (2001) Efficacy of Sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine in the treatment of chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria. Saud.i Med. J. 22, 690-693.

 

Awadalla P, Walliker D, Babiker H.A & Mackinnon M (2001) The Question of Plasmodium falciparum Population Structure. Trends Parasitol. 17, 351-353.

 

Binks , R.H,  Baum , J., Oduola , A.M.J., Arnot , D.E., Babiker , H.A., Kremsner , P.G., Roper , C., Greenwood , B.M., Conway D.J. (2001) Population genetic analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen-17 (eba-175) gene. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 114, 63-70

 

Farnert A, Arez AP, Babiker H.A, Beck HP , Benito A , Björkman A, Bruce M, Conway D, Day K, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Ranford-Cartwright LC, do Rosário VE, Rubio J, Snounou G, Walliker D, Zwetyenga J.(2001) Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum infections: A comparative multi-centre study.  Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 95, 225-232.

 

Babiker H.A*, S. Pringle, A. Abdel-Muhsin, M Mackinnon,  P. Hunt & D. Walliker (2001) High level chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene Pfcrt and the multi-drug resistance gene Pfmdr1. J. Infect Dis, 183, 1535-8.

                                

                                                            (2000)

Menegon, M., Severini, C., Sannella, A., Paglia, M.G., Abdel-Wahab, A., Abdel-Muhsin A., Babiker, H.A., Walliker, D. and Alano, P. (2000) Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by RT-PCR.   Mol Biochem Parasitol, 111, 153-161.

 

Babiker H. A*., Abdel-Muhsin A.A, Hamad, A., Mackinnon, M., Hill, W.G. & Walliker, D (2000)  Population dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum in an unstable malaria area of eastern Sudan. Parasitology. 120, 105-111.

 

                                                             (1999)

Babiker H.A*., Abdel-Wahab A.O, Ahmed S., Suleiman S., Ranford-Cartwright, L, Carter R. & Walliker, D (1999) Detection of low level Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mol. Biochem Parasitol. 99, 143-148.

 

Babiker H. A*., Ranford-Cartwright, L. & Walliker, D (1999) Genetic structure and dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum infection in the Kilombero region in Tanzania. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 93(suppl) S1/11-S1/14.

 

                                                             (1998)

Babiker H. A. (1998) Unstable malaria: the influence of the dry season:  Plasmodium falciparum population in the unstable malaria area in eastern Sudan: Stable and genetically complex. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92, 585-589

 

Babiker H. A*., Abdel-Muhsin A.A, Ranford-Cartwright, L, Satti, G. & Walliker, D (1998)  Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that survive the lengthy dry season in eastern Sudan where malaria transmission is markedly seasonal. Am J